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Week 2: Explore Research on Multimedia [Oct. 9, 2011, 3:27 p.m.]


Implications of Limited Capacity

  • Capacity to take in information is limited
  • Extraneous, essential, and generative processing combine to create a cognite load
  • Too much extraneous information unrelated to learning goals interferes with essential and generative processing.
  • Too much essential information (too much or too complex to easily process) can interfere with generative or deep processing
  • Learners sometimes do not process the information more deeply with generative processing
  • Learning can be improved by:
    • Reducing extraneous processing
    • Managing essential processing
    • Fostering generative processing

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reducing Extraneous Processing

  • Coherence: Learners perform better when extranous material is excluded
    • Excluding interesting but irrelevant images and words
    • Excluding interesting but irrelevant sounds and music
    • Excluding unneeded symbols and words
  • Signaling: Learners perform better when cues show the structure of the lesson and highlight what is important
  • Redundancy: 
  • Spatial contiguity
  • Temporal contiguity

 

Managing Essential Processing

  • Segmenting
  • Pretraining
  • Modality

 

Fostering Generative Processing

  • Multimedia
  • Personalization
  • Voice