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Learn the basic Shiyeyi words


The productivity website MindTools, on its page How to Learn a Foreign Language, says that 50% of daily conversation is composed of 100 words. This is an idea from Tony Buzan's book Use Your Memory.

While the list is English-centric, it can provide a launching point for determining Shiyeyi equivalents. Determine and learn these 100 words or the Shiyeyi equivalent forms of expression of the concepts that they embody.

Another related idea is that of semantic primitives, as an idea in NSM, from the field of semantics. The basic idea is that every language will have the same kinds of fundamental concepts expressed in their language somehow, whether by individual words or phrases, morphology or by grammatical structures. These fundamental concepts can be used to define more complex concepts. Therefore, one should (theoretically) be able to find an equal expression of the English semantic primitives in any language that they want to learn and use these to find out the meanings of other, more complex words. With that in mind, I have collected semantic primitives for a couple of the Botswana languages, Setswana and Shiyeyi.

There is some overlap between a Buzan's list of 100 words and the semantic primitives list but, together, these two should provide a solid starting point for basic vocabulary building.

Task Discussion


  • Eshinee Veith   Sept. 29, 2011, 7:35 a.m.

    Added the Buzan list and the semantic primitives list to ProVoc for vocabulary drilling. This provides a total of 190 core words. This number, however, includes the duplicates; some words need to be removed from one list or the other to provide one cohesive list. Also, I need to categorize each entry by word class for sorting purposes.

  • Eshinee Veith   Sept. 27, 2011, 4:38 a.m.

    Note that Shiyeyi and Setswana both use a noun class system that affects other words in the language that co-occur with nouns, such as adjectives. Places where a word is affected by this system are shown by a _, as in the words koo_o and _otlhe. For example, in Shiyeyi, if you are mean all people, you say awatu koowo. The Setswana equivalent is batho botlhe. To say all things, this is izutu koozo in Shiyeyi and dilo tsotlhe in Setswana. 

    English    Shiyeyi Setswana   
    A, an --- ---
    After ku ldiqo fa morago
    Again nangweza    gape
    All koo_o _otlhe
    Almost --- ---
    Also nangweza gape
    Always rusuku kooro nako yotlhe
    And indji le
    Because shi ku tikya ka gore
    Big _kando _tona
    But mi mme
    (I) can (yeme) na ku ... (ke) ka ...
    (I) come (nda) ya (ke) tsile
    Either/or panga kana
    (I) find (nda) shangana (ke) fitlhetse
    First katandzi pele
    For -iz affixation on verb -el affixation on verb
    Friend mbiya SG / wambiya PL tsala SG / ditsala PL
    From ko kwa
    (I) go (nda) yenda (ke a) tsamaya
    Good _qa _ntle
    Goodbye    Kara naqa. Sala(ng) sentle.
    Happy radze itumetse
    (I) have (ndi) na (ke) na le
    He ma SU / mu OB / yeye o SU / mo OB / ene
    Hello Ni tishire. Dumela(ng).
    Here panii fa
    How aakyare / ikyare jang
    I nda SU / ndi OB / yeme ke SU / [nasal prefix] OB / nna   
    (I) am (me) ndji ke
    If a panga PST / ndi ku FUT fa
    In moku moni
    (I) know (ndi) yizire (ke) itse
    Last kamana bofelo
    (I) like (ndi) siine (ke) rata
    Little _cene _nnye
    (I) love (ndi) siine (ke) rata
    (I) make (nda) rasi (ke) dira
    Many _ _ndji _ _ntsi
    One _chiki _ngwe
    More _ _ndji _ _ntsi
    Most _ _ndji _ _ntsi
    Much nanyina thata
    My _anga _ame
    New _piya _ntsha
    No iyemwa / ixa INT nyaa
    Not muqhu ku SG / waqhu ku PL    ga se ...e
    Now namushi jaanong
    Of _a  _a ga
    Often rusuku ni rusuku nako tsotlhe
    On popu fa
    One _chiki _ngwe
    Only ngaho fela
    Or panga kana
    Other _ _mwe _ _ngwe
    Our _etu _a (ga) rona
    Out kuundje kwantle
    Over popu ldiiru fa godimo
    People umutu SG / awatu PL motho SG / batho PL
    Place mupiri lefelo
    Please Nda kambiiri. Tlhe. / Tswee tswee. INT
    Same fwana tshwana
    (I) see (nda) mono / (ndati) mwana       (ke) bona / (ke) bone
    She (same as He) (same as He)
    So ku dzwa po gonne
    Some _ _mwe _ _ngwe
    Sometimes    apamwe nako nngwe
    Still ku _ na go na le _
    Such _ _mwe _ _ngwe
    (I) tell (ndati) ziira / (nda) ziiri (ke) bolela
    That _inaa _le
    The --- ---
    Their _awo _ bone
    Them wowo bone
    Then ta tswa
    There is pana go na le
    They wa ba
    Thing itjutu SG / izutu PL selo SG / dilo PL
    (I) think (nda) yanakana (ke) gopola
    This _inii _no
    Time rusuku nako
    To ku ko
    Under (ko) kooshi (kwa) tlase
    Up ldiiru godimo
    Us yetshwe / ti OB rona
    (I) use (nda) rasikawo (ke) direla / dirisa / dirile
    Very nanyina thata
    We ta SU re
    What shikya eng
    When i ngini leng
    Where (i) kure kae
    Which _ire _fe
    Who (i) yani mang
    Why shikya jang
    With ni le
    Yes ii ee
    You u SU / ma SU / ku OB / yewe    o SU / go OB / wena
    Your _we _a gago

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Abbreviations:

    SG - singular

    PL - plural

    SU - subject

    OB - object

    INT - intensified

    What remains now is to rearrange these so that they are not organized by English alphabetization but by word category.